abstract
ESCONDER
Murciano Granadina is the most important goat breed in Spanish context both in term of census as for production aptitude. Its creation was carried out from the cross-breeding of Murciana and Granadina breeds. This last breed is smallest and less productive but with good rusticity and adaptability features, was absorbed from Murciano types. In this work we present a genomics tools able to differentiate the two genetics type as future strategy of Granadina genetics resource recuperation.
MARCADORES MICROSSATÉLITES PARA A LINHAGEM
BRASILEIRA DE GALINHA CAIPIRA PELOCO
Oliveira, Claudine Gonçalves ; Almeida, Eva Clícia de Jesus ;
Figueiredo, Nathanna Emanuelly Martins ; Pereira, Aysllan Harlley
Rodrigues ; Gaiotto, Fernanda Amato; Farias-Filho, Ronaldo
Vasconcelos; Carneiro, Paulo Luiz Souza ; pag 120-122
full pdf (download 574, size 535 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The brazilian chickens, known as “pelado” or “Peloco”, refers to chickens characterized by the absence of damages after the loss of fluff. For 30 to 70 days they grow without developing feathers, featuring dark meat color. The Peloco brazilian chickens is found in farms and backyards creations in Chapada Diamantina, South and Far South, Bahia, Brazil. Traditionally, this is created on extensive and appear adapted to this condition of creation, which are directly exposed to contamination by parasites and climate variations, and in particular, the high temperatures of the region. These populations are generally small, inbred and under natural and artificial selection. However, these populations are considered as a source of genetic resources, therefore, the knowledge of their genetic variability should be determined for purposes of conservation, being microsatellite markers the best tool for this type of studies. Thus, the present study aimed to transfer SSR markers from chickens for peloco brazilian chickens. Access to ADN was done by amplification of twelve microsatellite loci, other chickens strains designed for rednecks: LEI0234, LEI0248, LEI0221, LEI0214, LEI0192, LEI0217, LEI0254, LEI0194, LEI0212, ADL0 258 and MCW0081, MCW0183. Amplifications of microsatellite loci were made with some alterations, having nine primers with positive and three negative amplifications (LEI0248, LEI0234 and LEI0217). The viable alternative for reduce the costs of genetic analysis is transferability of SSR markers among related species.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTADO FUNCIONAL DE LA
MEMBRANA PLASMÁTICA DEL ESPERMATOZOIDE DE GUAJOLOTE NATIVO DURANTE
EL PROCESO DE CRIOPRESERVACIÓN
Ochoa Ambriz, F.; Val Arreola, D.; Juárez Caratachea, A.; Conejo
Nava, J.; pag 123-125
full pdf (download 634, size 625 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Chlortetracycline fluorescence microscopy (CTC) is an efficient and practical method to study plasmatic membrane of mammals’ sperm damage due to cryopreservation. However, this procedure has not been used to evaluate bird sperm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional state of plasmatic membrane in turkey sperm during cryopreservation process. It was collected ejaculated of six male in order to make a semen pool, later, the pool was diluted using a commercial extender with glycerol and processed using a slow frozen protocol. Through CTC the plasmatic membrane functional state was evaluated. Thirteen repetition from each stage of cryopreservation process were made: Fresh semen (SF), refrigerated semen (SR) and freeze-thawing semen (SC). The data obtained were sperm average of every 100 spermatozoa counted in each stage. The capacitated spermatozoa significantly increase as the frozen process was carried out, the values for SF, SR and SC treatments were 9.38, 17.92 and 24.16, respectively. Whereas low values of spermatozoa with acrosome reaction in treatments SF and SR were observed in regard to SC: 2.77, 3.85 and 39.38, respectively. CTC technique allowed to determine that freeze induce capacitation and acrosome reaction process.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTADO FUNCIONAL DE LA
MEMBRANA PLASMÁTICA DEL ESPERMATOZOIDE DE GUAJOLOTE NATIVO DURANTE
EL PROCESO DE CRIOPRESERVACIÓN
Ochoa Ambriz, F.; Val Arreola, D.; Juárez Caratachea, A.; Conejo
Nava, J.; pag 123-125
full pdf (download 634, size 625 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Chlortetracycline fluorescence microscopy (CTC) is an efficient and practical method to study plasmatic membrane of mammals’ sperm damage due to cryopreservation. However, this procedure has not been used to evaluate bird sperm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional state of plasmatic membrane in turkey sperm during cryopreservation process. It was collected ejaculated of six male in order to make a semen pool, later, the pool was diluted using a commercial extender with glycerol and processed using a slow frozen protocol. Through CTC the plasmatic membrane functional state was evaluated. Thirteen repetition from each stage of cryopreservation process were made: Fresh semen (SF), refrigerated semen (SR) and freeze-thawing semen (SC). The data obtained were sperm average of every 100 spermatozoa counted in each stage. The capacitated spermatozoa significantly increase as the frozen process was carried out, the values for SF, SR and SC treatments were 9.38, 17.92 and 24.16, respectively. Whereas low values of spermatozoa with acrosome reaction in treatments SF and SR were observed in regard to SC: 2.77, 3.85 and 39.38, respectively. CTC technique allowed to determine that freeze induce capacitation and acrosome reaction process.
EXTRACCIÓN DE ADN MITOCONDRIAL DE DISTINTAS
ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA Formicidae PERTENECIENTES AL GÉNERO
Camponotus PARA SU POSTERIOR SECUENCIACIÓN Y ESTUDIO
Raya Ruiz, Laura.; Landi, Vincenzo.; Garrido Pavón, Juan José.;
Reyes López, Joaquín., pag 126-128
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abstract
ESCONDER
Like also in higher animals in the world of insect the understanding of genetics composition of a environment is helpful to bring ecologic and evolutive conclusion. The classification of the genus Camponotus (ants) is carried out so far by morphological characteristics. Over the last few years a classification methods using the mitochondrial DNA has been introduced. Specimens which are similar from the point of view of phenotypic behavior could be easily distinguished. We present the initial setup of a study of classification trough DNA mitochondrial sequence.
POLIMORFISMOS DEL GEN BoLA DRB3 exón 2 en
BOVINOS CRIOLLOS PERUANOS MEDIANTE EL MÉTODO SSCP
Vallejo Trujillo, Adriana Rocío; Poquioma Hernández, Vanessa; Yalta
Macedo Claudia; Veli Rivera, Eudosio, pag 129-131
full pdf (download 621, size 736 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) has been identified and associated with a variety of diseases; however there are no reports on the study of this gene in Peruvian Creole cattle. In order to determine polymorphisms DRB3 gene exon 2, a total of 299 Creole cattle from the regions of Ancash, Apurimac, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Junín, La Libertad and Puno, were analyzed by the of electrophoresis detection of polymorphisms single stranded conformational (SSCP) with subsequent sequencing analysis. Patterns of diversity and genetic structure and phylogenetic analyzes were conducted. The levels of genetic diversity (π) and haplotype (h) were high for all regions analyzed, as well as for the total population (π = 0.921). We identified 34 different genotypes consisting of 27 alleles of which 6 are new and 21 previously reported. The alleles * 1801, * 14011 and * 4802 were more frequent in the populations analyzed, being of great importance as reported association mastitis and resistance to ticks. Test to detect natural selection were conducted, and reveal a potential bottleneck in the populations analyzed. The results obtained support a high genetic polymorphism for the DRB3 gene exon 2 in Peruvian Creole cattle populations adapted to the highlands; diversity can be explained by its multiple origins, which is important for the establishment of breeding programs that raise productivity of farmers in the region.
ESTUDIO DE MUTACIONES PUNTUALES EN EL GEN DE
RESISTENCIA MÚLTIPLE A DROGAS EN CANINOS DE URUGUAY
Gagliardi, Rosa; Llambí, Silvia; Arruga, María Victoria; pag 132-134
full pdf (download 476, size 657 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The interaction between the products of different genes and drugs used in Veterinary is being studied in order to determine the most appropriate medical treatment for the individual patient. As these genes are conserved among species, dogs could be model of what occurs in humans. The MDR1 gene has been extensively studied in dogs given its association with difficulties when using drugs such as ivermectin and chemotherapeutics. Blood-brain barrier is one of the places in which it is expressed, avoiding drugs get in the central nervous system. The “Cimarron Uruguayo” is the only dog breed native from Uruguay. These animals are used basically in guard, defense and work with livestock. As the number of breeders has increased, it is of interest to increase the number of studies in this breed. The aim of this paper is to analyze, in the canine breed “Cimarron Uruguayo” five SNPs described for MDR1 gene and compare their frequencies with those obtained in the German Shepherd breed. Thirty animals per breed were studied. DNA extraction using ammonium acetate was performed. Samples were sent to the service GeneSeek, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA in order to be genotiped. According to the results, four of the five analyzed SNPs were monomorphic in the German Shepherd meanwhile in the “Cimarron Uruguayo”, none of them was. Given these results, and the characteristics of both breeds, it is considered of interest to expand the sample for each one, and study the association of these SNPs with differences in drug response.
ANÁLISIS PRELIMINARES DEL CROMOSOMA Y EN
RAZAS DE OVEJAS EXPLOTADAS EN BRASIL
Lara, M.A.C.; Gutmanis, G., Soares, W.V.B.1; Prate, J.N.S.;
Cavalcante-Neto, A.; Bueno, M.S.; Landi, V.; Delgado, J.V.; pag 135-137
full pdf (download 406, size 723 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The chromosome Y is a promising tool for studies of phylogeny, characterization and genetic relationship. We studied the SNP oY1, located in the SRY gene, and microsatellite SRYM18, aiming at the identification of paternal lineages of sheep herds in Sao Paulo, Brazil. There were investigated 45 sheep from Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ) (Ile de France, Morada Nova, Poll Dorset, Santa Inês and Suffolk breed), and 15 lambs from private properties (Dorper, Santa Inês and Texel breed). The SNP oY1 was investigated by PCR/RFLP technique and the SRYM18 was genotyped by the ABI3130, using the GeneMapper. From the seven haplotypes described for Ovis aries, four have been identified, as well as a new one, characterized as allele G (SNP oY1) and 141 (SRYM18). This haplotype was observed in nine lambs of IZ (1 Ile de France, 6 Poll Dorset and 2 Suffolk). The haplotypes H3 (A/139) and H5 (G/145) were observed only in the Suffolk and Texel flocks, and the H6 (A/143) in the herds Dorper and Morada Nova flocks. The H8 occurred in all herds, although it was fixed in Santa Inês. On the other hand, the frequency of this haplotype ranged between 14% (Poll Dorset and Texel) and 75% (Ile de France and Morada Nova) and in Suffolk, the frequency was 50%. The results showed that the Santa Inês flock descends from a single lineage. Other herds and increased sampling will be investigated later, once this work is part of a broader BIOVIS project of the Red CONBIAND.
Productos tradicionales animales de razas locales (Traditional products of from local breeds)
EFECTO DE LA EDAD DE SACRIFICIO SOBRE LAS
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA CARNE DEL CRUCE DE CERDO CELTA CON DUROC
Lorenzo, J.M.; Fernández, M.; Iglesias, A.; Carril, J. A.;
Rodríguez, I. M.; Franco, D.; pag 141-143
full pdf (download 459, size 613 KB)|
abstract
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The aim of this work was to study the effect of slaughter age on meat characteristics of the Celta pig crossbred with Duroc. A total of 16 pigs of Celta crossed with Duroc were analysed. The pigs were divided into two groups of 8 pigs each, the first was sacrificed at 7 months and the second at 12 months of age. Animals were raised in an extensive system with trees, cabins type-camping for rest and pond for bathing. The feed was supplemented with concentrates "ad libitum". After 24 h of slaughter, longissimus dorsi muscle was taken for meat quality determinations: moisture, intramuscular fat, protein, ash and heme iron. Slaughter age affected significantly (P &Ilt;0.05) on moisture content, protein and heme iron. The moisture and protein content decreased with slaughter age. Furthermore, the intramuscular fat content increased with slaughter age, but this increase was not significant (2.30 vs. 2.55% for 7 and 12 months, respectively). Finally, heme iron content increased with slaughter age (0.28 vs. 0.51 mg/100 g for pigs slaughtered at 7 and 12 months, respectively).
EFECTO DEL CRUCE SOBRE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS
DE LA CANAL DE CERDO CELTA SACRIFICADO A 7 MESES
Fernández, M.; Iglesias, A.; Carril, J. A.; Rodríguez, I. M.;
Franco, D.; Lorenzo, J.M., J.V.; pag 144-146
full pdf (download 539, size 618 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the crossbred on carcass characteristics of Celta pig breed slaughtered at 7 months. A total of 32 pigs Celta breed crossed with Duroc, Landrace, Pietrain and Mangalica pig were employed. Each group consisted of 8 animals that were sacrificed at 7 months old. Pigs were raised in an extensive system. After 24 h of cooling, carcasses were transferred to the pilot plant of Meat Technology Centre where the main linear morphometric measurements were taken. Significant differences were found in all parameters studied, being the highest values in live weight, carcass weight and killing out performance for Celta crossed with Duroc. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) in live weight and carcass weight among the crossed with Pietrain, Mangalica and Landrance were found. Regarding the morphometric measures, longitudinal measures were consistent with the heavier carcass, being higher in crossed with Duroc, with the exception of the length of the ham which was higher in the crossed with Mangalica (38.2 vs. 40.3 cm). Compactness index of carcass was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the crossed with Duroc, followed by crossing with Mangalica, Landrace and Pietrain as well as backfat thickness along the whole carcass, so that the two less rustics genotypes had lower levels of fatness.
AVANCES EN EL ESTUDIO DE LA CURVA DE
CRECIMIENTO DEL GANADO BOVINO MARISMEÑO
Nogales Baena, S.; Lupi Caldeira, T.M.; León Jurado, J.M.; Arando
Arbulu, A.; Miró Arias, M.; Delgado Bermejo, J.V.; Camacho Vallejo,
M.E.; pag 147-149
full pdf (download 438, size 636 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The Marismeña cattle breed is very singular in Southern Spain as it is located almost exclusively in the Doñana Natural Area (Natural and National Park). In order to characterize their growth, the weights data of animals of different ages were collected from the last five years. Data totaled 1771 weights, collected from males (n=470) and females (n=1301). The data was fitted to growth models: Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz. To choose the best model to explain the growth, two parameters were used: the determinative coefficient (R2) and mean square error. The most appropriate was the Brody Model for male and female, with an R2 of 0.99 and 0.862, respectively. The resulting models were defined as: males, weight = 633.95 * (1 - 9515 * exp (-0.0009 * age); females, weight = 387.60 * (1 - 0.9429 * exp (-0.0016 * age). The Marismeña breed cattle showed a slow growth and a clear sexual dimorphism, very noticeable after the age of 2 years.
INFLUENCIA DE LA LOCALIZACIÓN SOBRE EL
PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS DEL CRUCE DE CERDO CELTA CON MANGALICA
Lorenzo, J.M.; Fernández, M.; Iglesias, A.; Carril, J. A.;
Rodríguez, I. M.; Franco, D.; pag 150-152
full pdf (download 456, size 615 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The aim of this work was to study the effect of the location (dorsal, ventral and intramuscular) on the fatty acid profile of the Celta pig crossbreed with Mangalica slaughtered at 7 months. A total of 8 Celta pigs breed crossbreed with Mangalica breed were analyzed. Animals were raised in an extensive system with trees, cabins type-camping cabins for rest and pond for bathing. The feed was supplemented with concentrate "ad libitum". The location in the carcass presented significant differences (P<0.05) to the total sum of the fatty acids, except for the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. In the three locations, monounsaturated fatty acids were the main fatty acids, followed by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The intramuscular fat showed significantly (P<0.01) higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than that from the dorsal and ventral fat. Furthermore, the ventral fat displayed significantly (P<0.01) higher saturated fatty acids compared to the other ones. It can be concluded that from the nutritional point of view, and based on these indexes, we can affirm that loin fat showed a healthier fatty acids profile than that from the ventral and dorsal location, mainly due to higher content MUFA.
LA MUJER EN LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DEL
GUAJOLOTE (Melleagris gallopavo L.) EN LOS MERCADOS DE LOS VALLES
CENTRALES DE OAXACA
Ángel Hernández, Arturo; Jerez Salas, Martha Patricia; Camacho
Escobar, Marco Antonio; Vázquez Dávila, Marco Antonio; Villegas
Aparicio, Yuri; Rodríguez Ortiz, Gerardo; pag 153-157
full pdf (download 537, size 558 KB)|
abstract
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In the rural areas of Mexico, the family labor is used to develop several productive activities. Among the many tasks performed by women, the marketing of agricultural products generates complementary economic resources for the family. The aim was to investigate women participation in the turkey (Melleagris gallopavo) marketing in the local markets of the region of Valles Centrales of Oaxaca, Mexico. During 2014, seven local markets in the region were visited; these places are called "Baratillos or market day" where a specific week-day domestic animals and farm products are marketed. Seventy interviews to turkey sellers-buyers were realized by selected way. Generic and age people and their productive activity, production system and marketing details were included. Data were analyzed by testing independence of Ji-Square (p = 0.05). Over 60% of respondents were women engaged in market turkeys. Housework are major activities that women do (50%), which complement with turkey marketing produced entirely by family backyard system. Productive activity or occupation, and the role of people in turkey marketing is dependent on the genre (p ≤ 0.0079). The reasons for market the turkey are dependent on the age of the people (p = 0.05), whose productive age is the most important.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL HUEVO DE GALLINAS DE
TRASPATIO ALIMENTADAS CON UNA FORMULACIÓN ALTERNATIVA CON O SIN
VERDOLAGA (Portulaca oleracea L.)
Jerez-Salas, M. P.; Camacho Escobar, M. A.; Quijano-Vicente, G.;
Lozano-Trejo, S.; Sosa-Montes, E.; Ruiz-Luna, J.; pag 158-160
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ESCONDER
This research was conducted at the Technological Institute of Oaxaca Valley, Mexico. The aim was to compare the characteristics of the egg in backyard hens, feeding different models with or without access to grazing verdolaga (Portulaca oleracea L.). The variables studied were in the egg weight, shape index, eggshell strength and yolk color. For statistical analysis we used a completely randomized design in blocks, with six groups (each group represented by four hens and a rooster). Alternative diet containing corn, peanut, alfalfa, minerals and vitamins with 16% protein, equal amount of protein contained the commercial feed supplemented with pigments for coloring the yolk. Grazing was carried out into parcels planted verdolaga, for a period of 5 h per day. The characteristics of eggs from hens fed backyard and alternative grazing verdolaga diet, did not attain to the results obtained by the alternative diet alone, or by the commercial feed; however, the results indicate that statistically improves pigmentation of the yolk, which is a typical characteristic of the "ranch eggs" that is highly desired by the consumer.
EFECTO DEL ACABADO EN LA CALIDAD NUTRICIONAL
DE LA GRASA DE LA CARNE DE CORDEROS DE RAZA OVELLA GALEGA
Adán Belmonte, Silvia; Moreno López, Teresa; García-Fontán, Mª
Camino; Domínguez Castiñeiras, Bernardino; Cachaldora Sieiro, Aida;
Arias Vázquez, Anisia; García Portas, Gloria; Gómez Vázquez, María;
Fernández Rodríguez, Miguel; Justo Feijóo, José Ramón; pag 161-163
full pdf (download 435, size 598 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Ovella Galega is a Galician autochthonous sheep breed, classified as danger of extinction breed. It is reared using the natural pasture resources. This kind of sheep breed is directed for meat production. In the present study, 20 male lambs from simple births were used. They were reared with their mothers on pasture and were allowed to suckle freely for 45 days when two groups of animals were made: extensive, they were reared on pasture with their mothers until being slaughtered, and semiextensive, they were fed indoors with concentrate and kept suckling their mothers at night; both groups were slaughtered at 4 months of age.The different finishing feeding systems (extensive vs semiextensive) had been studied on the intramuscular fat lipid profile, from a fat sample of Longissimusdorsi. of each animal was analyzed with an Agilent 6890N GC equipped with a FID detector and a silica capillary column (100m, 0.25mm i.d., 0.2 μm, Supelco). Intramuscular adipose tissue was extracted from homogenized muscle as described by Folch et al. (1957) and converted into FA methyl esters (FAME) by transesterification Shehata et al. (1970). Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the SPSS 15.0 program. The results showed that the different finishing feeding systems had a significant effect on the meat fatty acid profile. Animals reared in an extensive system showed higher percentage of omega-3 (1,35 vs 0,87, p<0,001). The omega-6/omega-3 nutritional index was more favorable for human health in an extensive system.
VENTA TRADICIONAL DEL GUAJOLOTE NATIVO
(Meleagris gallopavo) EN EL SUR DE MÉXICO
Marco Antonio Camacho-Escobar, Martha Patricia Jerez-Salas, Marco
Antonio Vásquez- Dávila, Narciso Ysac Ávila-Serrano, Edgar Iván
Sánchez-Bernal, Jaime Arroyo-Ledezma; pag 164-166
full pdf (download 692, size 536 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The present study was undertaken in order to identify the different marketing systems that gives the production of native turkey backyard in the states of Oaxaca, Veracruz and Chiapas in southern Mexico. Eight traditional markets were visited, and by using a semi-structured interview, information about the criteria for selecting turkeys to sell, as well as sales channels of native turkeys were obtained through interview with thirty-three sellers of native turkeys. Traditional marketers backyard turkey, are mostly the same producers who take them out of economic necessity to sell at flea markets and traditional tianguis. They travel at least an hour and spend over $50 Mexican pesos, which are not recovered in the price of the bird, because they set the price without considering the costs generated by the sale. Is necessary to develop theoretical models that help producers to estimate the cost of production and selling price backyard turkeys sold in traditional markets and traditional tianguis.
Sistemas ganaderos sustentables y desarollo ganadero(Sustainable farming systems and livestock developmen)
ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS Y MASCOTAS, ASIGNACIÓN DIFERENCIADA
POR LA GENTE CHAMULA (CHIAPAS, MÉXICO)
Rodríguez Galván, G.; Zaragoza
Martínez ML.; Castellanos Coutiño, JA.; Ramírez Peña, S.; Macdonal Hernández
JM., pag 169-171
full pdf (download 456, size 664 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The tzotzil world view defines different concepts to the conventional agricultural and livestock production elements. Our study aimed to differentiate the categories given to animals in the tzotzil household production unit. The field work took place in three different indigenous communities in Chiapas, for a period of 18 months between 2012 and 2014. The methodological process includes a community survey, a poll on the production unit and a semi-structured interview about family life and work organization inside the family. Moreover participative and transversal techniques (interaction, observation, discussion and feedback) were used to obtain additional information. The poll was mostly answered by women. As a result of the poll we obtain three different animal categories: the productive ones (including chickens, turkeys and sheep), the guard and protection animals (dogs, cats and ducks) and pets (rabbits, squirrels and parakeets). These results let us to conclude that the concept of pet has different senses depending on each particular culture.
PERROS Y GATOS, GUARDIA Y PROTECCIÓN EN LOS HOGARES
INDÍGENAS DE UNA LOCALIDAD CHAMULA (CHIAPAS, MÉXICO)
Rodríguez Galván, G., Pérez Centeno M. , Reising, C. ; Zaragoza
Martínez ML., Macdonal Hernández JM. , pag
172-174.
full pdf (download 518, size 612 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
In Chamula (Chiapas), the population supports its household economy in integrated small-scale farming, where animals have a important role in everyday Tzotzil life. This research was conducted in the locality of Bechijtic of the municipality of Chamula, between February and May of 2013; was developed by a community card, a survey of the Production and a semi-structured interview about the family and agricultural organization and the concept and appreciation that Tzotzils have for dogs and cats. The results identified the presence of dogs and cats (89% and 58% respectively) of houses; these animals are assumed by the indigenous family as working animals and not as pets, with the task of care and safeguard the house, backyard animals and the family. In conclusion it is stated that the specific conditions of each unit of production and cultural conditions determine that dogs and cats are treated as guardians and not as pets.
EL MAWECHI Y OTRAS ESTRATEGIAS AGROPECUARIAS TRADICIONALES DE LA FAMILIA RARAMURI, EN LA SIERRA TARAHUMARA
Rubio Tabárez, Ezequiel; Rodríguez Galván, Guadalupe,
pag 175-177
full pdf (download 571, size 611 KB)|
abstract
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The raramuri people have an uncertain economy based on agriculture and cattle addressed to family consumption. These activities are linked to ceremonies, holidays and the way these people organize their work. The purpose of this research is to describe the concepts of mawechi, kumarachi, korima and faina as ordinary strategies in family life in the Chihuahua Mountains. The methodological process includes a comunitary survey and a semi-structured interview about socioeconomic and cultural aspects of family life. The field work took place during the period 2008-2013 in the raramuri community in Chihuahua Mountains. Our research let us to identify three traditional basic elements in the characterization of the socioeconomic aspects of the raramuri families: the mawechi –that connect the person with his farm plot and the natural environment. The kumarachi is the familiar garden that provides nutritional and healing resources. And the korima as a strategy to help to less favoured.
ALGUNAS CARACTERISTICAS DIGESTIVAS DE CERDOS
CUINOS MEXICANOS
Ly, J.; Grageola, F.; Huerta, R.; Lemus, C.; Ramírez, H,
pag 178-180
full pdf (download 397, size 615 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
A total of 12 Mexican cuino pigs, six females and six castrated males averaging aproximately 60 kg live weight were used to study some digestive characteristics. The animals were from the University herd, and had its origin in Nayaritean municipalities where they are reared within the family agriculture scheme. The pigs were sampled after being fed ad libitum during growing and fattening stages, four months, with a conventional diet of maize and soybean meal (crude protein, Nx6.25, 14.24% in dry basis). Rectal digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by sex, but in the case of N, digestibility was better (P<0.05) in female than in castrated males. There was not significant (P>0.05) effect in the relative contribution of empty digestive individual organs with respect to the weight of the weight or length of the entire empty digestive tract. A trend was found (P<0.10) of the relative weight of the entire empty digestive tract to be heavier in castrated males than females (34.2 and 32.9 g/kg live weight, respectively). The empty large intestine contribution to the weight of the entire tract was very high in both sexes, 48.7 and 50.8% respectively, for castrated males and females. Rectal digestibility of dry matter was positively correlated to the relative weight of the empty large intestine (r, 0.596; P<0.05). These data do suggest, in conclusion, that sex does not appear to be an influencing factor en digestive processes in Mexican cuino pigs, and that in contrast, the large intestine influence on these processes could be noteworthy, possibly through an anatomical adaptation to residence of bulky feeds such as those with a high fibre content.
DESAFÍOS EN LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS RAZAS
LOCALES EN LOS EEUU
D. P. Sponenberg,
pag 181-182
full pdf (download 419, size 528 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Conserving local breeds in the USA has encountered four challenges: definition of the breed, genetic isolation, differing traditions among the breeders, and breed improvement. Several local breeds have successfully met these challenges and can serve as examples of effective conservation, while others have not met the challenges and the breeds remain at risk.
CABRAS CRIOLLAS Y PEQUEÑOS PRODUCTORES:
CAMINOS PARA ELEVAR LA PRODUCTIVIDAD. EXPERIENCIAS DEL PROYECTO
CAPRINOS EN COCHABAMBA – BOLIVIA
Angelika Stemmer y Anne Valle Zárate,
pag 183-186
full pdf (download 540, size 602 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Production conditions of the majority of goat holders in Cochabamba, Bolivia, are described. Based on research conducted by the Goat Project since 1994 until today, main results are reported of productive and reproductive capacity of Criollo goats in flocks of small holders and under semi-extensive management in the flock of the Agricultural Faculty. The advantages of Criollo goats for husbandry in marginal regions are described. Proposals are developed for elevating productivity of Criollo goats in the subsistence oriented production system.
FUNCIÓN DE LOS ANIMALES DEL TRASPATIO EN - LA
VENTANA - (CHAMULA CHIAPAS) COMO APOYO A LA FAMILIA
Macdonal Hernández, José Manuel; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes;
Rodríguez Galván, Guadalupe,
pag 187-189
full pdf (download 572, size 714 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Present research is focus on recognising the function and value of backyard animals in a tzotzil town in Chiapas. Basic methodological tools were used. In particular, a survey was conducted over the 30% of families. Moreover, we interview the 20% of initial sample and also went to informants (20%). We point out that 73% of families have a flock that produces animals, wool and manure (91%). Wool is used (60%) to make up typical clothes. Traditional poultry farming is observed in 67% of the families and it purpose is to obtain hens, meet and eggs for personal consumption (95%). It’s quite often to find dogs (44%) and cats (24%) having local germplasm. We point out that backyard animals have diverse functions. They intake protein animal to families diet, provide fibre to make clothes and monetary income when the production surplus are sold and moreover they guard and protect the house as well as family members.
AVANCES DE FISIOLOGIA DIGESTIVA EN CERDOS
CRIOLLOS CUBANOS ALIMENTADOS CON RECURSOS ALIMENTARIOS LOCALES
Ly, J.; Santana, I.; Macías, M.; Abeledo, C.M.; Grageola, F.;
Delgado, E.J.,
pag 190-192
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abstract
ESCONDER
Cuban Creole pigs are descendant of Iberian animals, introduced in the Cuban islands by the end of the XV century. During five hundred years, these pigs have been reared in extenso building up an integrated system of tropical pig production where the royal palm (Roystonea regia H.B.K. Cook) is one of the main feed component, providing fruits rich in fat and fibre, which are available throughout the majority of the year in all the country, and the native oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.). Within a project on the use of palms for pig production, the manner of how pigs, including those of the creole genotype, are reared when fed on royal palm nuts, was investigated, by conducting surveys directed to pig producers, as well as studies on feeding and nutritive value for pigs. Available information indicates that Cuban Creole pigs do not have a digestive tract providing anatomic advantages for digestion of great proportions of fibrous resources. In contrast, this genotype does have advantages for an efficient digestion of fat, perhaps due through the adaptation to rations rich in royal palm nuts and acorns, besides available backyard feedstuffs, such as human food residues. On the other hand, due to its slow growth rate, the young Cuban Creole pig is not efficient in retention of dietary N. It is suggested that Cuban Creole pigs, probably during an old process of adaptation to the environment, exhibit peculiarities in its digestive processes.
EFICIENCIA DE UTILIZACIÓN DE LA RACIÓN EN
CRUCES DE PORCINO DUROC X CELTA
Iglesias, A.; Carril, J. A.; Fernández, M.; Franco, D.; Rodríguez, I.
M.; Lorenzo, J.M.,
pag 193-195
full pdf (download 417, size 536 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The major variable cost in the pig production is the feed, hence the need to optimize the supply of nutrients in animal husbandry. The aim of this work was to study the efficiency of feed ration in the Duroc pig crossbred with Celta. A total of 16 pigs of Duroc x Celta were employed. Feeding rations that were provided to the animals were those conventionally used in the area, and they were formulated according to the nutrient requirements for each of the phases of growth and finishing of animals. Pigs were weighed individually each month with the respective feed consumptions to determine, among other parameters, the average daily gain, conversion index and feed efficiency. Average daily gain in kg was 0.40 with minimum and maximum values of 0.30 and 0.46 respectively. The residual feed consumption represents an alternative for measuring feed efficiency and is currently being incorporated into breeding programs. The results obtained for this parameter had a value of 0.00 ± 0.14, which means that the consumption observed was the same as the estimated. It can be concluded that the feeding and rearing system used for the Duroc pig crossbred with Celta was efficient.
ESTUDIO DE LA CURVA DE CRECIMIENTO DE
RICHARDS EN UN CRUCE ENTRE PORCINOS DUROC X CERDO CELTA
Iglesias, A.; Carril, J. A.; Fernández, M.; Rodríguez, I. M.; Pérez,
C.; Franco, D.; Lorenzo, J.M.,
pag 196-198
full pdf (download 678, size 554 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The knowledge of the models of growth and development in pigs allows to evaluate the management of the nutrition. These models are useful for technical personnel and pig breeders. The aim of this work was to study the Richards growth curve in Duroc pig crossbreed with Celta breed. A total of 16 pigs of Duroc x Celta were employed. Feeding rations that were provided to the animals were those conventionally used in the area, and they were formulated according to the nutrient requirements for each of the phases of growth and finishing of animals. Pigs were weighed individually each month and estimation of the growth model parameters was performed using the program GCFIT (statistical package SIMFIT version 6.0.). The R2 statistic obtained was 0.97, indicating a good fit between experimental and theoretical data. Statistical Durbin-Watson adjusted data for this model resulted in 1,523 for a significance level of 0.05 without showing serial autocorrelation between the estimated residuals. Therefore it can be concluded that the Richards model allows described acceptably the growth of the crossing Duroc x Celta.
PERMANENCIA DE LA OVINOCULTURA Y AVICULTURA
DE TRASPATIO EN -LA VENTANA - (CHAMULA, CHIAPAS)
Macdonal Hernández, José Manuel; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes,
Rodríguez Galván, Guadalupe.,
pag 199-200
full pdf (download 384, size 588 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
This research determined the permanence of backyard poultry and sheep production in a Tzotzil community of Mexico. The fieldwork was made in “La Ventana” (Chamula, Chiapas). The methodological tools used were a survey, semi-structured and open interviews. The results identified that traditional sheep production is done by 73% of families and 67% of families also has a flock of chickens maintained in a conventional manner and in both cases on the basis of a local germplasm. Among the conclusions a decrease is observed during the last 8 years of 16% in sheep production and 4% in poultry in “La Ventana”. Nevertheless, it is not considered a risk for backyard poultry and sheep production, but is the opportunity of an internal reflection because of declination in livestock tasks that have historically contributed to food and household economy, in addition to the permanence of Tzotzil traditions.
LA PRODUCCIÓN CON FINES DE AUTOCONSUMO DE LAS
FAMILIAS EN EL LEVANTE ESPAÑOL: RELACIONES DE GÉNERO Y REPARTO DE
ESPACIOS
Aznar Márquez, Juana y Carmona Paredes, Rosario,
pag 201-203
full pdf (download 478, size 609 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
It is often to find family gardens in boundaries of urban areas, or even in the city itself, on the Mediterranean cost of Spain. We have develop a study in different areas, in particular in la Vega Baja (Alicante, Spain), and l´Horta Nord, l´Horta Sud and la Ribera (Valencia, Spain). The lifestyle in all these areas is very similar to the urban one. We have to point out that no professional workers are the responsible for carry out activities related to family gardens and pens. There are people who develop different professional careers and they consider their gardens as a way to enjoy their spare time. We can also find people in their retirement period who decided come back to nature. Agricultural production is obtained using traditional methods and speaking about animals, they belong to native species. Production obtained on a small scale, is consumed or given as a gift. Family and friends really appreciate these products. It is interesting to remark the clear gender division of different activities. On one hand, women traditionally take care of all those persons who need care in the family. If we extend the idea of care to livestock we can see women breed animals. On the other hand, men develop their gardens.
EL HUERTO URBANO ECOLÓGICO: ESTUDIO DE LA
INICIATIVA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ (ELCHE, ESPAÑA)
Aznar Márquez, Juana y Navarro Ríos, Mª Jesús,
pag 204-206
full pdf (download 520, size 609 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
In Cities, mostly those with a vertical urban development, it is unlikely (but not impossible) to find spaces where grow familiar gardens. These small areas let people cultivate aromatic plants, vegetables or even flowers but also enforce relationships with neighbors and nature. Interest in ecological agriculture showed by people located in the city of Elche (Alicante, Spain) has promoted a university´s activity. Thanks to the Environmental Office of the University Miguel Hernández (UMH), last April started a new initiative related to ecological agriculture that is open to the whole university (faculty members, administration personal, students…). People interested should attend a few theoretical sessions to introduce them the support tools necessaries to manage their own ecological garden. After that, it begins the period to put in practice what they have learnt. For doing that, the experience takes place in an ecological garden that the UMH has in the Altabix district (Elche). Similar experiences have been developed in other universities as for example the University of Murcia that is University Miguel Hernández close competitor. Experiences like the one previously described, bring natural resources and environmental care closer to urban people. It narrows the contact with natural resources. Contact lost in many families in urban areas of developed countries.
METODOLOGÍA PRELIMINAR DE ESTIMACIÓN DEL PESO
CORPORAL Y SU APLICACIÓN A LA RAZA ASNAL ANDALUZA COMO PRODUCTOR
ENERGÉTICO
Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; Francisco Javier Navas González; Judith
Carmen Miranda Alejo; María Miró Arias; Ander Arando Arbulu; María
Gabriela Pizarro Inostroza,
pag 207-209
full pdf (download 448, size 614 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The donkey species and by extension the Andalusian donkey breed, is one of the most functionally wasted species. When we functionally assess the animals, we must take into account that we are facing pilot experiences which try to collect potentialities rather than showing the existing data because, Andalusian breed donkeys have mostly been kept in farms for the mere pleasure of enjoying their companion. A sample consisting of 70 per cent of the functionally assessed animals between 2013 and 2014, both untamed and kept within boxes was considered. This preliminary methodological design not only intends to provide an animal weight assessment protocol, something which, given their partially free condition, or their previous abuse derived consequences, can result unsafe for the veterinarian who tries to accomplish it. Equids’ traction ability increases in direct proportion with their weight. Thus, we also quantify the power that they can develop while carrying out a certain labour, and whether they are suitable to do it. This protocol allows distinguishing between the skills to successfully complete a labour that a certain donkey has, making the zootechnicians and health personnel’s actions easier, avoiding detrimental effects in unprepared donkeys for overexertion because of their lack of use.
EVALUACIÓN DE CUATRO DIETAS ALTERNATIVAS EN
EL CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE POLLOS CRIOLLOS
Jerez-Salas, M.P.; González Martínez, J.C; Carrillo-Rodríguez, J. C.;
Villegas Aparicio, Y.; Vásquez Dávila, M. A.,
pag 210-212
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abstract
ESCONDER
Feeding hens in backyard system is varied, knowing two sources, which provide farmers and who collect birds in walking areas, therefore, the objective was evaluated four alternative diets with different percentage of protein and energy on growth and development of native chickens. Using a design in randomized complete block with four treatments and five repetitions, the means were compared with Tukey's test. The treatments were: Diet 1 (18% crude protein (CP), 3,000 Mcal/kg), diet 2 (control, 16% CP, 2,800 Mcal/kg), diet 3 (14% CP, 2,600 Mcal/kg) and diet 4 (12% CP, 2,400 Mcal/kg). Feed intake were different (P<0.01) with increased consumption at week 12, 14 and 16 for chickens diet 1 with respect to that of diet 4. Live weight were different (P>0.01) for chickens for diet 4. Weight gain were different (P>0.01) at weeks 8, 10, 12 and 14 was higher for chickens fed the diet 1 than those who consumed the diet 4. Feed conversion at week 14 chickens diet 1 were different (P<0.01) from those of the control diet, 3 and 4. Chickens from Diet 1 had the lowest cumulative feed conversion, while the diet 4 showed the highest. Mortality accounted for 5% of all the flock, occurring 4% in the first 2 weeks of growth. To produce one kilogram of meat diet 1,2,3 and 4 are needed $16.50, $16.56, $16.97 and $18.35 respectively. Diet 1 (18% CP, 3,000 Mcal/kg) is considered the best for this research, in addition to the lower cost of production at $27.5.
DIVERSIDAD AGROPECUARIA Y SEGURIDAD
ALIMENTARIA EN COMUNIDADES DE SAN LUCAS Y CHENALHÓ, CHIAPAS
Zaragoza Martínez L., Aznar Márquez J., Santos Hernandez J. S., Silva
Gómez S. y Rodríguez Galván G.,
pag 213-215
full pdf (download 460, size 629 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
A comparative study was conducted in rural communities of San Pedro Chenalhó and San Lucas, two of the municipalities with a high degree of poverty and marginalization in the State of Chiapas, Mexico. The purpose was to identify aspects social, cultural and generation options that can contribute in an increase in productivity for the benefit of families from the identified as backyard space. The role of women as head of domestic activities, care of animals of lesser species and cultivation level backyard of various vegetable products that is provided to the families of food security throughout the year is evident in the two municipalities. Among the results, shows the diversity in terms of plant resources and animals having families, the use and destination of the surplus, as well as the strategies of production and reproduction of the same. The responsibility for the activities in the backyard is all female, who determine times of sale or use of resources. Large differences in production strategies - playlist from the backyard of the two municipalities and themselves in terms of diversity, mainly due to the altitudinal differences were not apparent.
ESTRATEGIAS DE AVICULTURA DE TRASPATIO EN
TRES LOCALIDADES DEL MUNICIPIO DE SAN LUCAS, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Mendoza Alonso María; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes; Rodríguez Galván,
Guadalupe,
pag 216-218
full pdf (download 462, size 611 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Poultry farming developed in the rural backyard of San Lucas is a productive small-scale activity with deep roots and tradition whose strategies are linked to family and community relationships of reciprocity and solidarity not mediated by economic interests, which makes possible the supplying and self consumption of animal protein for families in a context of very high marginalization and high social backwardness. The objective of the present study was to provide information about the production dynamics and strategies of rural backyard poultry and their capacity to generate income and assets with value in use, which contributes to a better life quality for families. Fieldwork was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in three rural communities that concentrate 99.7% of the municipal rural population, where 47% of its inhabitants are indigenous tzotzil. The results show that in 99% of cases are women who perform this productive work, 80% of the available germplasm is local. The strategies developed by the rural women of San Lucas represent a complex practice that continues to strengthen community social networks of reciprocity which serve to perpetuate their system of production based on inherited traditional knowledge product of women-nature link.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL COMPONENTE PECUARIO DEL
TRASPATIO EN LOCALIDADES DEL MUNICIPIO DE SAN LUCAS, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Mendoza Alonso María; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes; Rodríguez Galván,
Guadalupe,
pag 219-221
full pdf (download 468, size 610 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Backyard livestock production in rural communities of San Lucas represents a supplying and self consumption strategy that provides animal protein and income their local communities and indigenous people. This research provide information about production dynamics and contribution of livestock component of rural backyard to improve the life quality for families. Fieldwork was conducted between 2013 and 2014 at three rural communities which concentrate 99.7% of municipal rural population. The data show that in 96% of cases are women who perform productive work concerning the animals, 75% of available germplasm is local. Production is summarized as follows; 93.5% chickens, turkeys and 48.5%, 13.04% pork, special mention deserves the donkey (41.30%) because represents the primary means of transporting people and crops, their use distinguishes the inhabitants of the municipality. The complexity of backyard livestock component was visible through contact with communities and knowledge of their needs.
PERFIL DA CAPRINOCULTURA DE SUBSISTÊNCIA E
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DO PEQUENO CRIADOR NO MUNICÍPIO DE SUMÉ-PB
Da Silva, Ana Mary; Alves, Admir Sendy Santos; De Lima, Paulo
Romário; Soares Filho, Paulo Henrique,
pag 222-224
full pdf (download 369, size 611 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The objective of this work was to survey the profile of goat raising of subsistence and quality of life of the creator of small properties of the Municipality of Sumé, state of Paraíba. Data were collected through individual interviews in each property, using a questionnaire twenty-Seven Questions. The choice of properties was made with the help of company technical assistance and rural extension of Paraíba. Were analyzed Age, sex, marital status, education level, family income, general management, with emphasis on health with both indicative of worms that kill goats the following socioeconomic factors. The producers are characterized for being family-based practices with rustic and handmade, little guidance and zootechnical properties averaged 40 hectares, ranking small producer with its various creations such as: goats for meat and milk, pork, chicken, duck, beef and ass for the fieldwork, all for subsistence. As a result of this research, we identified that the small farmer today has a better quality of life which comes from support from the state and federal government through the family purse and some credit facilities that ensures rearing animals production.
RED DE HUERTOS Y GANADERÍA ECOLÓGICA DE
AUTOCONSUMO COMO MODELO EMPRESARIAL ALTERNATIVO EN UN CONTEXTO DE
CRISIS
Navarro Ríos, Mª Jesús y Aznar Márquez,
Juana,
pag 225-227
full pdf (download 425, size 613 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
Since 2008, Spain is suffering the most relevant economic crisis in a century. The main problem derived of the economic contraction is the important increment in unemployment number. The social urban garden production model allow for an agricultural production system that offer products with label of quality. Taking these two facts into account, in the Animal Production Department (University Miguel Hernández de Elche, UMH), we start a research program about “social urban gardens in the net”. With this research, using an interdisciplinary concept, we pretend to create an entrepreneur initiative capable to create new job. The present work explains a particular I+D project developed in cooperation between UMH, Caritas (a Non-Governmental Organization) and different local Governments of the Vega Baja area (Alicante, Spain). The so named “Earth Project” started in 2012 and it focus on activities in social gardens as firms that allow their owners to avoid social exclusion. By the moment, it is taking place the period for human as well as material resources available organization. The present paper explains the methodological aspects needed in the research and the results obtained up to now.
ALIMENTACIÓN DE LAS VACAS LECHERAS EN PUEBLA,
MEXICO Y SU APORTE DE METANO
Silva Gómez, S. E.; Duarte Chávez, I.; Guerrero Morales, J.;
Hernández Zepeda, J S.,
pag 228-230
full pdf (download 675, size 615 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The introduction of bovines in America starts on 1527. Currently, bovines are a protein source and its products are socially accepted. They also generate, trough manure and belching, a green house effect gas: methane, which contributes to climate change. This work addresses domestic cattle production in Puebla, Mexico. Domestic cattle production generates jobs as well as low price products for the locals. This activity is upheld as a source of jobs and relatively cheap and accessible products for regional population in which herdsmen have implemented a series of strategies to maintain their livestock- like the way they feed them-, as a response to cattle production from international enterprises. Given the effects on climatic change, there is a paradox; either discouraging the production of bovines, due to the crescent methane production, or encouraging it due to crescent demand of a growing population which has meat and dairy products as a very important part of its in take. However, production of domestic herds is developed in far different conditions in comparison to the one disposing of more technology. In domestic cattle, the herdsmen take advantage of fodder in his region and provides calcium and corn to cows as a means of weight control. Fodder helps by giving high milk productions. This practices are reported by specialists as a contribution which decreases methane volume due to the processes in the animal´s digestive system. It is argued the continuity of domestic livestock can be achieved by the improvement of the herd's hygiene measures.
ALIMENTACIÓN DE LAS VACAS LECHERAS EN PUEBLA,
MEXICO Y SU APORTE DE METANO
Silva Gómez, S. E.; Duarte Chávez, I.; Guerrero Morales, J.;
Hernández Zepeda, J S.,
pag 228-230
full pdf (download 675, size 615 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The introduction of bovines in America starts on 1527. Currently, bovines are a protein source and its products are socially accepted. They also generate, trough manure and belching, a green house effect gas: methane, which contributes to climate change. This work addresses domestic cattle production in Puebla, Mexico. Domestic cattle production generates jobs as well as low price products for the locals. This activity is upheld as a source of jobs and relatively cheap and accessible products for regional population in which herdsmen have implemented a series of strategies to maintain their livestock- like the way they feed them-, as a response to cattle production from international enterprises. Given the effects on climatic change, there is a paradox; either discouraging the production of bovines, due to the crescent methane production, or encouraging it due to crescent demand of a growing population which has meat and dairy products as a very important part of its in take. However, production of domestic herds is developed in far different conditions in comparison to the one disposing of more technology. In domestic cattle, the herdsmen take advantage of fodder in his region and provides calcium and corn to cows as a means of weight control. Fodder helps by giving high milk productions. This practices are reported by specialists as a contribution which decreases methane volume due to the processes in the animal´s digestive system. It is argued the continuity of domestic livestock can be achieved by the improvement of the herd's hygiene measures.
SISTEMA DE PRODUCCIÓN Y ZOOMETRÍA DE LA CABRA
PASTOREÑA DE LA MIXTECA OAXAQUEÑA
Ramírez Julián, María Plácida; Sánchez Ortiz, Martín; Ortiz Bernal,
Reyna, Zaragoza Ramírez, José Luis, Ricardi de la Cruz, Lourdes
Carmina; Fuentes-Mascorro, Gisela.,
pag 231-233
full pdf (download 594, size 549 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
In the last ten years, Oaxaca was being highlight as one of the leading producers of goat meat, 57% of the flock of goats is located in the Mixtec region and consists of native animals. Thirty-seven surveys applied to producers of goat Creole “pastoreña”, in three municipalities of the Mixteca low and the measures zoometric were determined to 206 males and 39 females. The results indicate that there are two production systems the transhumance, with flocks of 900 to 1,500 animals fed on native grass, in which separate the pregnant and lactating females during the dry season from the rest the flock and sold to the killing of Tehuacán, exclusively white animals. The extensive system with flocks of 5 to 800 heads, grazed native plants and are supplemented during the dry seasons with corn and salt, they castrated males of one year of age, breeding of goat are a secondary activity for them, occasionally sold to the killing of Huajuapan. Zoometric variable showing sexual dimorphism, to height at withers was 63.01 ± 6.75 for females and 72.93 ± 7.38 for males the thoracic perimeter of 76.09 ± 8.64 for females and 90.61 ± 11.52 for males. They are high animals with large respiratory capacity and thin reeds, as it befits to grazing animals.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN
CAPRINA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE ARATOCA, SANTANDER SOBRE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO
CHICAMOCHA
Vargas-Bayona, Javier E; Serrano Novoa César Augusto; Martínez Bello
Daniel Adyro; Rodríguez Galván, Guadalupe; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes,
pag 234-236
full pdf (download 439, size 615 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The objective was to characterize the goat production systems presented over the Chicamocha river basin in the town of Aratoca, Santander, Colombia. It was used snow ball sampling method, employing a direct survey to nine goat producers. Data were analyzed through the use of Microsoft Office Excel 2010, applying a descriptive approach, mediated by contingency tables. The nine goat farms have animal shelter where the goats sleep by night, and they go to grazing lands by day. The nine producers do not have technical assistance for animal nutrition and health. The production system is extensive oriented by the meat and milk production, the total goat population was around 469 animals with an average of 52 ± 47 animals by farm. The difficult geographical conditions stop the development of agricultural practices, determining that the main economic activity is the kids (young goats) commercialization and goat manure.
LOS SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS CAPRINOS EN LA
PROVINCIA DE GUANENTÁ, SANTANDER, SOBRE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO CHICAMOCHA
Vargas-Bayona, Javier E; Serrano Novoa César Augusto; Martínez Bello
Daniel Adyro; Rodríguez Galván, Guadalupe; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes,
pag 237-239
full pdf (download 494, size 539 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The objective was to identify the characteristics showed by the goat production systems located over the Chicamocha River basin in the province of Guanenta. A snow ball sampling method was used to survey 17 producers (Villanueva 5, Jordan 3, and Aratoca 9). The survey comprised 10 main parameters, giving information about general characteristics, population, animal nutrition and feeding, animal health, reproduction, production, genetics, resource administration, economy and markets. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010, by means of a descriptive analysis for the discrete variables, using contingency tables. The results show that land owning is proper in the 76%, while the rest is renting agreement, the land extension is in average 178,5 ± 184 ha. Women participation is about 29.4% as herd owners. The difficult terrain prevents the development of other agricultural activities, determining that the main economic activity in the zone is the kids (young goats) commercialization, poultry and goat manure.
ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE LA TÉCNICA DE PRODUCCIÓN
DE GAS IN VITRO CON HECES CAPRINAS EN LA DEGRADACIÓN DE MATERIA SECA
EN FORRAJES TROPICALES
Martínez Bello, Daniel Adyro; Morales Ochoa, Estefania; Melgarejo
Florez, Lina Maria; Vargas Bayona, Javier Enrique,
pag 240-242
full pdf (download 440, size 545 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
It was standardized an In Vitro gas production technique using goat feces, to evaluate the dry matter digestibility of American native forages. Metabolic cages housed two adult male goats, fed ad libitum during 72 hours with every one of the forages. At the end of the 72 hours, feces were collected during 4 hours, and they were mixed with buffer solution in dilution 3:1 or 5:1, constituting inoculum deposed in 125 ml glass flasks containing 1 or 0.5 g of dried and milled forage at 1 mm, with 25, 50 or 75 ml of inoculum, under CO2 atmosphere. Flasks were incubated at 39 ° C in forced ventilation oven, recording the gas volume produced during 72 hours. Dilution 3:1 produced greater gas production than 5:1 dilution. One gram of substrate produced more gas than 0.5 g. Zanthoxylum microcarpum produced the greatest amount of gas, followed by Bursera simaruba. Gliricidia sepium produced the least gas production. The technique showed a great possibility to make nutritional evaluation of American native forages, given the flexibility and low cost.
RELEVAMIENTO DE CASTRONERÍAS EN LA PROVINCIA
DE NEUQUÉN – PATAGONIA ARGENTINA
Moronta, M.N.; Pérez Centeno, M.J.; Lanari, M.R.; Giovannini, N.2;
Maurino, J.; Mogni, A.J.; Diano, M.; Mikuc, J.P.,
pag 243-246
full pdf (download 420, size 719 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
The castronerías are a distinctive and particular component that has emerged as a socially constructed response against the need for achieving mating seasonality. In the community the castronero is dedicated to the care of males out of the mating season. The castronería gather males of different owners, usually in inaccessible locations. The retribution or payment for this service is one young goat per male or its value in money. The introduction of males into the flock of goats at the return of the summer grazing season induces estrus synchronization due to so-called “Male Effect”. The objective of the present study is to survey the castronerías in Neuquén Province and carrying out their characterization in relation to their constitution and functions within traditional system. The specific aims were to geographically locate the castronerías, characterize the male goats, characterize the castronerías and related flocks management and to make visible the castronerías local knowledge. Twelve castronerías were surveyed, from which the results from the first analyzed ones are presented. The methodological process involved collecting specific data of castrones; an interview to the castronero was also carried out. At the end of the fieldwork interviews were done to the owners of the castrones, in which topics related to specific data of the flock, castrones selection criteria and systematization of local knowledge were addressed.
INCORPORACIÓN DE RAZAS CRIOLLAS VENEZOLANAS
EN UN REBAÑO BOVINO DOBLE PROPÓSITO II. CRECIMIENTO Y REPRODUCCIÓN EN
NOVILLAS
Chirinos, Z; Faría-Mármol, J. ,
pag 247-249
full pdf (download 398, size 536 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
On a dual-purpose cattle herd (crossbred of Brown Swiss, BS; or Brahman, BR) was initiated the crossbreeding program incorporating Venezuelan creole breeds (Criollo Limonero, CL and Carora, CA). The objective is to generate a composite population, and provide information of adaptation, production and reproduction in an environment of high temperature and humidity. Variables were: birth weight, weaning weight adjusted to 244 days (BW, and WW244, n=181), daily gain at weaning (DWG, n=119), age at first service (AFS, n=70) and first calving (AFC, n=53), number of services per conception (NSC, n=70). The model include breed of sire (BS), year of birth, weaning, service or calving (2009-2013), season of birth, weaning, service or calving (January-April, May-August, September-December), and as covariates number of calving (1,2,3,4,5,6 and> 7) and total milk production of the mother. There were effect (P &Ilt;0.0001) for BS, on BW, AFS and AFC. Averages were: 31.3 ± 4.9 kg, 118.9 ± 20.4 kg, 353.6 ± 67.6 g.day for BW, WW244, GWG , and 29.4 ± 4.9 and 39.2 ± 3.5 months for AFS and AFC, and 1.5 ± 0.8 for NSC. Daughters of CL were (P &Ilt;0.001) lighter at birth (BW = 27.8 ± 1.3 kg), but similar in PD244 (114.1 ± 6.9 kg) versus CA (117, 2 ± 3.1 kg), BR (118.6 ± 3.1 kg) and PS (118.9 ± 6.3 kg). CA showed AFS and AFC lower than BR and PS. In NSC was similar. The incorporation of Venezuelan creole breeds showed an improvement in the precocity of heifers.
INCORPORACIÓN DE RAZAS CRIOLLAS VENEZOLANAS
EN UN REBAÑO BOVINO DOBLE PROPÓSITO II. CRECIMIENTO Y REPRODUCCIÓN EN
NOVILLAS
Chirinos, Z; Faría-Mármol, J. ,
pag 247-249
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abstract
ESCONDER
On a dual-purpose cattle herd (crossbred of Brown Swiss, BS; or Brahman, BR) was initiated the crossbreeding program incorporating Venezuelan creole breeds (Criollo Limonero, CL and Carora, CA). The objective is to generate a composite population, and provide information of adaptation, production and reproduction in an environment of high temperature and humidity. Variables were: birth weight, weaning weight adjusted to 244 days (BW, and WW244, n=181), daily gain at weaning (DWG, n=119), age at first service (AFS, n=70) and first calving (AFC, n=53), number of services per conception (NSC, n=70). The model include breed of sire (BS), year of birth, weaning, service or calving (2009-2013), season of birth, weaning, service or calving (January-April, May-August, September-December), and as covariates number of calving (1,2,3,4,5,6 and> 7) and total milk production of the mother. There were effect (P &Ilt;0.0001) for BS, on BW, AFS and AFC. Averages were: 31.3 ± 4.9 kg, 118.9 ± 20.4 kg, 353.6 ± 67.6 g.day for BW, WW244, GWG , and 29.4 ± 4.9 and 39.2 ± 3.5 months for AFS and AFC, and 1.5 ± 0.8 for NSC. Daughters of CL were (P &Ilt;0.001) lighter at birth (BW = 27.8 ± 1.3 kg), but similar in PD244 (114.1 ± 6.9 kg) versus CA (117, 2 ± 3.1 kg), BR (118.6 ± 3.1 kg) and PS (118.9 ± 6.3 kg). CA showed AFS and AFC lower than BR and PS. In NSC was similar. The incorporation of Venezuelan creole breeds showed an improvement in the precocity of heifers.
PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LA RAZA GYR EN UN SISTEMA DE
LECHERÍA EN TABASCO, MÉXICO
Quiroz Valiente, Jorge; Granados Zurita, Lorenzo; Barrón Arredondo,
Manuel; Oliva Hernández Jorge ,
pag 250-251
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The first record we have of cattle in America, it is during the voyages of Columbus in the late sixteenth century. Arrived animals were Bos Taurus Taurus and then, in the early twentieth century was recorded in Mexico the first entry of Zebu animals mainly in tropical areas. These cattle has been exposed to a climate and nutritional environment and through selection pressure, has become more tolerant which means that Zebu animals can succeed where Bos taurus can not. Resistance to high temperature and humidity of tropical and subtropical regions has been associated with the accumulation of fat in the hump and its better ability to dissipate heat throgh their pronounced dewlap, typical in these cattle and their ability to digest low quality forage. These characteristics make Zebu breeds being well adapted to farming systems and extensive management. The Gyr breed in particular has been considered one of the most dairy in the gender. The objective of this study was to characterize a population of Gyr cattle in a milk production system, with double milking a day.
ESTRUCTURA DE LOS HATOS BOVINOS EN TABASCO,
MÉXICO
Quiroz Valiente, Jorge; Granados Zurita, Lorenzo; Barrón Arredondo,
Manuel; Espejel García Anastacio; Espinoza García, José Antonio ,
pag 252-253
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Tropical cattle production systems are managed on pasture and its structure is based on the intensity of production. The aim of this study was to know the herd structure of production systems according to their livestock inventory and know the main breeds that compose it. Surveys were conducted with 184 farmers in dual purpose systems In Tabasco, Mexico. Selected livestock producers belong to any organization, of which 34 were women and 150 were men. The average age of the entire sample was 55.8 years and they have received technical assistance for 4.36 years on average. 34% have the livestock activity only, 33% have eventually some other activity, 18% have another business and 15% had a permanent job. 65% produce milk for sale. We conclude that the age of producers is close to old age, the number of animals per farmer has increased in recent years but is concentrated in a few producers and the proportion of cows by farmers is 48% and coupled with heifers reproductive age is 60%.
LA BIODIVERSIDAD Y LA GASTRONOMÍA ORIENTADAS
AL TURISMO
Casanova García, Elisabeth; Mazó Quevedo, Ma. Lyssette; Quiroz
Valiente Jorge; Zaragoza Martínez, Lourdes,
pag 254-256
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The conservation of animal genetic resources is closely linked to its use. Biodiversity includes animals that live in a certain place, their genetic variability, ecosystems where they develop and landscapes. However, prevailing ecosystems are very delicate and are threatened by urbanization and over-utilization of resources. The southeast region of Mexico is predominantly tropical, so its wealth of flora, fauna and landscapes is wide and varied, in addition to the cultural richness of this region that hosted the first prehispanic culture of the country, are these factors that give regional cuisine with a unique character and great tourism potential. The objective of this study was to assess the consumption profile of dishes from local fauna, particularly of freshwater turtles on the farm "La Encantada" of the the municipality of Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco. The study was conducted by applying techniques and tools of qualitative research. At the end of the study it was concluded that consumers are local and unaccustomed to eating these dishes in the newer generations is observed Therefore an outreach program of sustainable consumption of turtles is necessary to maintain species based on their use, conserve cultural aspects linked to this practice and increasing tourism demand in the area.
MANEJO DE AVES EN SISTEMAS DE AVICULTURA
FAMILIAR EN LA REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
Solórzano, Manuel; Florio-Luis de Pineda, Jazmín; Tamasaukas, Rita;
Sánchez, Antonio; Rodríguez, Milagros; Ostos, Milagros; Pérez, Luis,
pag 257-259
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Family poultry systems serve to support the peasant of rural family and for the use and / or preservation of local or introduced hens and roosters. It was evaluated the management applied by the farmers to poultry; throughout interviews and visits to 40 poultry yards located at Four Rural Schools formed between ESAT and communities located in: EC Ramón Martínez, Urdaneta municipality and EC Los Chinos, Camatagua municipality, both in Aragua state; EC Sosa, Julian Mellado municipality and EC Recuperando Nuestras Raices, Ortiz municipality, both in Guárico state. Stand out in management: use of waste materials to build poultry house (90%) compared to 10% using commercial materials and equipment; corn-based on food and kitchen waste (100%); in 100% of cases produce eggs for consumption, generation and selling replacement chicks and selling in case of surplus; females come mainly from breeding in the area (native hen) and bought at commercial stores (10%); use of roosters of Barred Plymouth Rock breed and Rhode Island Red breed); flocks with average 25 birds /poultry yard; incubating eggs is in naturally nests at poultry houses. Selecting hens for posture parameters and roosters for their behavior (aggressive are discarded) and their ability to tread the hens. Characterize the management that give farmers to this poultry systems can generate recommendations for improvement and extrapolate successful experiences. In opinion of farmers, using roosters breeders has led to increased size of chicks and egg production; however it is a limiting factor for the preservation of native poultry genetic.
EFECTO DE FACTORES NO GENÉTICOS EN EL PESO
DEL TERNASCO DE RAZA SEGUREÑA
Lupi, Teresa Marta; Nogales, Sérgio; León, José Manuel; Delgado, Juan
Vicente,
pag 260-263
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the non-genetic factors sex, birth season, geographical area and birth type, on 80 days lambs of Segureña breed. The weight data from lambs between 56 and 80 days, registered on 19844 animals from the historical records from the National Breeders Association of Segureño Sheep (ANCOS) in the last 13 years, were analyzed. Statistical analyzes were performed for each factor, based on the t test for means, analysis of variance and the Tukey test to analyze the homogeneous groups. It was conducted a multivariate analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.19 software. Males presented a higher weight than fe-males. Lambs born in winter had a higher average weight relatively to those born in other seasons. The geo-graphical location proved to affect lambs weight (P<0,001), being the lambs from Murcia and Cartagena heavier at 3,25% and 2,91% for males and at 2,28% and 1,48% for females than the lambs from Sierra de Segura and Jaen and Cordoba respectively. The type of birth affected significantly the average weight (P &Ilt;0,001), confirm-ing that single born lambs were heavier than multiple born lambs. To emphasize that interaction between sex and type of birth with a significance of P<0,001. As a general conclusion it can be pointed out that non-genetic factors play an important role in the development and growth of Segureña lamb breedfrom 56 and 80 days. Knowledge of the influence of these factors may be useful in developing production strategies to improving weight averages.
ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR SOBRE EL TRASPATIO
AGROPECUARIO TRADICIONAL DE LA CHONTALPA TABASQUEÑA
Hinojosa Cuéllar, JA; Córdova Avalos, A; Hernández Vargas, J; Córdova
Aquino, J; Córdova Sánchez, S; Quiroz Valiente, J,
pag 264-266
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This is the first study carried out by the Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa (UPCH) for Backyard activities. As a first step, a preliminary diagnosis of this production system is proposed. The aim of this study is to obtain basic information for the implementation of a technology transfer scheme in the families of the Chontalpa region in Tabasco Mexico. The study was conducted from data collected from students in the educational programs of the Engineering of Agriculture and Engineering Animal -Husbandry of the UPCH which is located at km 2 Huimanguillo-Cardenas road, in Cardenas, Tabasco. The census was made considering all students: 104 of Engineering Agronomy and 89 of Engineering Animal Husbandry. Analyzing the data collected shows that backyard activities are practiced in 72.55% of the population tested. The areas in which this activity takes place vary between 630 m2 and 2180 m2, detecting more extensive areas for the practice of backyard are located in the municipalities of Cardenas and Huimanguillo. In 64.5% of cases the backyard is used for plant cultivation and animal husbandry, but in addition, 65% of respondents indicated they would like to increase and / or diversify agricultural and livestock species in their backyard. It can be concluded that families of students of engineering of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of the UPCH represent a valuable starting element to generate basic and endogenous information for the performance of a project to promote the backyard in Chontalpa, Tabasco, as well as to characterize more broadly the production system and propose alternatives for improvement in its production.
DESEMPEÑO DE OVINOS DE LA RAZA SANTA INÊS
ALIMENTADOS CON NOPAL Y RESTRICCIÓN DE AGUA
Cordova-Torres , A.V. ; Costa, R.G; Araújo Filho, J.T ; Alves, N.,
pag 267-269
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Semiarid conditions are a big challenge for ovine producers; variability in rainfall makes food and water limiting factors for animal performance. Given these difficulties, the spineless cactus has become a permanent ingredient in diets. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of spineless cactus inclusion (Nopalea cohenillifera Salm Dyck) and water restriction on the performance of Santa Inês sheep breed. Forty two males were used, with age and average weight of 100 days and 18.74 kg respectively. Animals were fed diets with 0, 30, 50 and 70% inclusion of cactus reaching 32 kg. The experimental design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement (spineless cactus: 30, 50, 70 and water levels: with and without water). Variables were analyzed using the Tukey test to 5% by the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. Water and its interaction with the treatments had no influence on the analyzed variables. The final weight was (P &Ilt;0.05) higher for treatments with cactus (30 and 50%) with average weight 31,78 and 31,4 kg respectively vs 28.43 kg (control). The total gain and average daily gain weight were higher for 30 and 50% of inclusion, (13, 27 and 12.23 kg, respectively and 167 and 153g/day for treatments vs 9.5 kg and 106g/day control). Santa Inês sheep are well adapted with a high tolerance to lack of water, and good growth performance. The levels of 30 and 50% are widely recommended, it increases weight gain and reduces days in confinement, making the production highly profitable.
Seguridad y soberanía alimentaria(Food security and sovereignty)
ANÁLISIS DE REDES Y GESTIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN EN CABRAS
CRIOLLAS
Flores Guzmán, Mercedes; Muñoz
Rodríguez, Manrrubio; Cruz Martínez, Pastor, Lucero Arellano, Clemente, pag
297-299.
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This research was conducted in the Mixteca Baja, Oaxaca. Overall objective was to measure the interaction of the actors of the territory, and to be a tool to propose techniques in the adoption of innovations. The methodology was based on social network analysis and innovation; it covered a field phase (interviews) and a cabinet (mask data in Excel and mapping of networks with UCINET). Surveys were conducted in three districts of the Mixteca and they provided technical and socio-economic data, and the degree of interaction between actors. We interviewed key informants. The field work was in 2012 and data analysis in 2013, 15 municipalities and 36 villages in the districts of Huajuapan, Silacayoapan and Juxtlahuaca in the Mixteca Baja, Oaxaca, were covered. 87% of the communities of goat breeders are high and very high marginalization, average age was 55 years, interaction between actors was 0.003, no actor is technically or commercially dominant; less than 20% does health management, less than 14% gives dietary supplement, 25% have secure market, the general INNAI was 0.16 and TAI 16%. The goat activity in Oaxaca's Mixteca is subsistence and not generate wealth, producers work in isolation without interacting with their peers, both technically and commercially have low rates of innovation.
Etnozootecnia y conocimiento popular tradicional ganadero(Etnozootecnics and popular livestock knowledge)
LA SERPIENTE DE CASCABEL COMO RECURSO ZOOGENÉTICO
Fuentes-Mascorro Gisela., pag 303-304.
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asbstract
ESCONDER
The rattlesnake was fundamental for the worldview of pre Hispanic cultures in Mexico. Quetzalcoatl for the Aztecs and Kukulcan for the Mayans a god symbolized by a rattlesnake with feathers. His representation can be found since Teotihuacan to Chichen Itza. Skin diamonds to rattlesnakes was considered the beginning to the cardinal points and the square that is the basis of the pyramid structure. His medical use has been associated with healing of almost any disease and currently has proven crotamine a polypeptide of 42 amino acids extracted from Crotalus durissus terrificus, is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and mitochondrial depolarize membrane in melanoma cells. A fundamental use and one reason to keep some specimens in captivity is to use its venom to produce fabotherapics for use in people who are bitten by snakes of this genus. Rattlesnake, was, is and will remain a zoogenetic resource
MANEJO TRADICIONAL DE LAS MAJADAS DE OVEJAS CRIOLLAS
DEL OESTE FORMOSEÑO
De la Rosa, Sebastian; Revidatti,
María Antonia; Orga, Antonio ; Tejerina, Emilse; Capello, Sebastián; Pilotti,
Pablo., pag 305-307
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The objective of this work was to define patterns of traditional management of locals sheep flocks in western Formosa, Argentina. We worked on 20 sites uniformly distributed in the territory (n=82), where structured interviews were conducted asking about aspects related to sheep production systems. The data were processed by descriptive analysis. Most producers have got mixed livestock systems (87.5%) large -small livestock, the rest produce only small livestock (12.5%) both use family labor. The average stock is around 52 sheep heads /producer, stratifying as follows: less than 50 (63.5%) 51-100 (27.1%) 101-200 (7.1%) and more than 200 (2.4%). The structure of the flock is: ewes (70%), replacement hoggets (23.3%) rams (3.9%) and young replacement rams (2.8%). The 8 hours grazing system include night enclose, moving animals to average distances of 1.15 km per day, having sheepdogs (58.1%). During lambing turns away and retain parturient ewes before releasing the flock for grazing (52%). Lambs do not go with ewes during the first month of life (67.7%), they do not have adequate surface in pens, nor drinkers. Only 25.8% of farmers supplement animals at sometimes of the year. The antiparasitic application is the only health treatment (65.6%). The management carried out with this sheep corresponds to a typical backyard production, where women and children are responsible for care of the animals.
VALORIZACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS LOCALES A TRAVÉS DEL
EMPODERAMIENTO DE LAS MUJERES INDÍGENAS
De la Rosa, Sebastian;
Revidatti, María Antonia; Orga, Antonio ; Menna, Fabiana, pag 308-310.
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Indigenous women have begun a process of organization from the valorization of the artisanal activity, based on the elaboration of fabrics in wool Creole sheep of West of Formosa. The objective of this work is to identify and valorize the wool resource from the involvement of women in the processes of selecting animals for ex situ formation of a genetic nucleus where high quality individuals are evaluated and multiply. Surveys, visits and selection of animals according to the criteria of the artisans were performed. Then they agreed with each producer an exchange of animals for the genetic nucleus. During the first year these animals were used to teach mechanical shearing courses to young people from farming families. Women's associations were not only a participatory role but were permanent members of the process, evaluating the impacts on their own production of interventions performed. There has been an immediate impact on the quality of the crafts and better market penetration. Also, it has contributed to the visibility of women as a new social actor, with greater involvement and political participation. The centers of the artisans are formed with 1200 women, who lead today innovation processes in production, transforming the artisanal activity of economic activity associated with the old and the older generations in an industry innovation and development involving youth and opens new perspectives for working for indigenous communities in the region.
APROVECHAMIENTO TRADICIONAL Y CRÍA EN
CAUTIVERIO DE CHACHALACAS, PAVA Y FAISÁN (CRACIDAE) EN EL SUR DE
MÉXICO
Vásquez-Dávila, Marco Antonio; Camacho Escobar, Marco Antonio;
López-Luis, Dalma; Vásquez-Cruz, Rosalinda; Jiménez-Díaz, Juan Elmar, pag 311-312.
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The aim of our study was to document the traditional use and captive breeding of Cracids in the backyards of six ethnic groups of southern Mexico: Chol and Lacandon of Chiapas and Chinantecs, Chontal, Huaves and Zapotecs of Oaxaca. Four Cracids species are raised in indigenous backyards: two Chachalacas (Ortalis vetula and O. poliocephala), Guan (Penelope purpurascens) and Great Curassow (Crax rubra). Men are responsible for locating eggs or chicks in the forests and take them home. They also build the pens where the birds are raised, while women and children are responsible for the feeding and care. The ethno zootechnical study of this cultural trait (which no references for the study area were found) provided an opportunity to investigate in situ the initial domestication of a group of birds, which provides insights into the indigenous poultry.
LOS PATOS (Anatidae): RECURSO ZOOGENÉTICO DE
LOS GRUPOS ÉTNICOS DEL SURESTE DE MÉXICO
Vásquez-Dávila, Marco Antonio; Camacho Escobar, Marco Antonio; Jerez
Salas, Martha Patricia y Villegas Aparicio, Yuri, pag 313-315.
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We inquire the role of ducks as animal zoogenetic resource in nine ethnic groups of Southeast Mexico through case studies. We conducted fieldwork on ducks’ traditional breeding with Chontals, Huaves, Mazatecs, Mixes, Triquis and Zapotec people from Oaxaca, Choles and Lacandon from Chiapas and with Chontals from Tabasco. In mixed flocks of indigenous backyards, where live together chickens, turkeys, ducks and other birds, we recognized at least two species of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus, and Cairina moschata domestica), and sporadic breeding of Dendrocygna autumnalis y Anas acuta. A remarkable fact is the empirical observation (effectiveness ascertained by local connoisseurs) of the transmission of the resistance of the ducks to the other species of birds against diseases called locally as mal aire (bad air) or peste (pest), hence their presence, importance and persistence in ethno-aviculture.
LA GUAJOLOTA, INCUBADORA TRADICIONAL DEL
TRASPATIO EN MÉXICO
Marco Antonio Camacho-Escobar, Martha Patricia Jerez-Salas, Marco
Antonio Vásquez-Dávila, pag 316-318.
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ESCONDER
In order to know how the presence of chickens and turkeys is used to improve production results in backyard farms, this study was conducted. The information presented was obtained from surveys of 1,536 semi structured interviews to backyard poultry farmers in the Central Valleys, Mixteca, Sierra Norte, Cañada, South Sierra, Costa, Papaloapan and Isthmus regions of Oaxaca State. Turkey hens were identified that are appreciated by: ease of broody, ability to build nest, maternal ability, ability to raise another brood of chickens and provide protection to chickens. While hens are appreciated by long periods maintain posture, have early, alert and intelligent chickens, being a species with faster growth than turkeys and rapid sexual maturity. In both species are recognized: their ability to hatch the eggs and reduce disease in other species. In conclusion the turkey hens are prized for their ability to successfully incubate eggs and raise their chicks, while the hens are appreciated for their performance in the production of meat and eggs.
Economía y gestión ganadera(Livestock economy and management)
ALGUNOS ASPECTOS SOCIALES DE LAS GRANJAS OVINAS
CRIOLLAS DEL OESTE FORMOSEÑO (ARGENTINA)
De la Rosa, Sebastian; Revidatti,
María Antonia; Orga, Antonio ; Tejerina, Emilse; Capello, Sebastián; Pilotti,
Pablo, pag 321-323.
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abstract
ESCONDER
The objective was to characterize social aspects of sheep farms in the west of Formosa, Argentina. Structured interviews (n=82) were conducted at 20 sites uniformly distributed and data were processed using a descriptive analysis. Results show that the typical farmer has a low level of education and belongs to creole ethnic. He usually lives in the farms, although he is not the landowner. It is uncommon the use of technical support and electric supply. The facilities are rudimentary and they are usually shared with goats. The production is mainly devoted to family consumption. These results indicate that sheep activity corresponds to family smallholders, where the social value is very important.
Programas y estrategias de Selección de razas domésticas (Programs and strategy for domestic animal breeding)
ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DEL COMPONENTE RACIAL EN EL CABALLO
HISPANO-ÁRABE UTILIZANDO MARCADORES MOLECULARES
Gómez Carpio, Mayra; Landi, Vincenzo; Martínez Martínez, Amparo; León
Jurado, José; Fernández, Javier; Vega Pla, José Luis; Delgado Bermejo, Juan
Vicente, pag 330-332.
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ESCONDER
Current model used in the calculation of genetic parameters and genetic evaluation of the Hispano-Arabe horse breed takes into account several effects, one of which are the blood levels, defined as the genetic proportions of the Arab breed in each individual. We believe that this particularity means that there are some differences in the estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values caused by dominance effects. The use molecular tools to estimate the percentage of blood is pointed out in this study. We used the multilocus genotypes of 22 microsatellites in a sample of 114 HÁ horses using as reference populations 48 PRE and 60 PRÁ as well as out-group 46 PSI. Through a statistical analysis procedure we develop individual test to assign horses HA to PRE and PRA populations. The results show as 48% of the animals to HA breed were assigned to PRE (48.60 ± 0.26), 45% of the animals to breed PRA (48.76 ± 0.27) and 7% to PSI breed.
EXPERIENCIAS EN LA MEJORA Y CONSERVACIÓN DE
LA RAZA CUBANA DE CERDOS CC21
Abeledo García, C.M.; Santana Martínez, I.S.; Acuña Rosado, N.A.;
Hernández Machado. S, pag 333-335.
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abstract
ESCONDER
In order to expose the Cuban experience in CC21 breed conservation, 24952 records and 27026 genetic pedigrees of the farm Jigüe, were used. It were studied, physical type, strategies to maintain a healthy genealogical structure and low levels of inbreeding, and also the productive and reproductive traits with SAS, with emphasis on genetic parameters estimation. Traits studded were: final weight (FW), weight for age (WE), average daily gain (ADG) and backfat (BF) to a final age (FA). The reproductive traits were: economic efficiency (EE), litter size at birth (LSB), at 21 days (LS21) and at weaning (LSW) with their respective weights, at birth (WB), 21 days (W21) and weaning (WW) and age at weaning (AW). A simulation analysis was performed from the classic formula of the rate of inbreeding (ΔF) at ten years. Genetic progress by calculating genetic trends (GT), were monitored. Was maintained, the existence of the eight lines and pedigree families created since its founding, with never less than 2 boars per line and five sows per family. No hereditary defects occurred; the annual rate of increase in inbreeding was 0.16% and 0.64% (Cienfuegos) and 0.48% (La Union) for replication centers of CC21 breed. The estimated indexes of heritability were 0.21; 0.22; 0.29 y 0.48 for the FW; WE; ADG and BF, respectively, with values of genetic and environmental correlations means and positive between growth traits and negative with BF. The annual GT increase of 1.88 ± 0.01 g / year for WE and decrease -0.08 ± 0.01 mm / year for BF. Means for growth traits: FW; WE; ADG and BF were: 94.34 kg; 451.95 g; 487 g; 10.83 mm respectively, with FA of 205 days at selection. The indicators for reproductive traits: EE; LSB; LS21 and LSW were: 83.35%, 9.44 piglets, 8.41 piglets and 8.40 piglets, respectively, with 1.56 kg (WB), 5.63 kg (W21), 7.35 kg (WW). The WA was 29 days with a viability of 81.96%. Strategies developed in the improvement and conservation of the Cuban breed CC21, have helped to avoid the loss of genetic material.
EXPERIENCIAS EN LA MEJORA Y CONSERVACIÓN DE
LA RAZA CUBANA DE CERDOS CC21
Abeledo García, C.M.; Santana Martínez, I.S.; Acuña Rosado, N.A.;
Hernández Machado. S, pag 333-335.
full pdf (download 632, size 685 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
In order to expose the Cuban experience in CC21 breed conservation, 24952 records and 27026 genetic pedigrees of the farm "Jigüe", were used. It were studied, physical type, strategies to maintain a healthy genealogical structure and low levels of inbreeding, and also the productive and reproductive traits with SAS, with emphasis on genetic parameters estimation. Traits studded were: final weight (FW), weight for age (WE), average daily gain (ADG) and backfat (BF) to a final age (FA). The reproductive traits were: economic efficiency (EE), litter size at birth (LSB), at 21 days (LS21) and at weaning (LSW) with their respective weights, at birth (WB), 21 days (W21) and weaning (WW) and age at weaning (AW). A simulation analysis was performed from the classic formula of the rate of inbreeding (ΔF) at ten years. Genetic progress by calculating genetic trends (GT), were monitored. Was maintained, the existence of the eight lines and pedigree families created since its founding, with never less than 2 boars per line and five sows per family. No hereditary defects occurred; the annual rate of increase in inbreeding was 0.16% and 0.64% (Cienfuegos) and 0.48% (La Union) for replication centers of CC21 breed. The estimated indexes of heritability were 0.21; 0.22; 0.29 y 0.48 for the FW; WE; ADG and BF, respectively, with values of genetic and environmental correlations means and positive between growth traits and negative with BF. The annual GT increase of 1.88 ± 0.01 g / year for WE and decrease -0.08 ± 0.01 mm / year for BF. Means for growth traits: FW; WE; ADG and BF were: 94.34 kg; 451.95 g; 487 g; 10.83 mm respectively, with FA of 205 days at selection. The indicators for reproductive traits: EE; LSB; LS21 and LSW were: 83.35%, 9.44 piglets, 8.41 piglets and 8.40 piglets, respectively, with 1.56 kg (WB), 5.63 kg (W21), 7.35 kg (WW). The WA was 29 days with a viability of 81.96%. Strategies developed in the improvement and conservation of the Cuban breed CC21, have helped to avoid the loss of genetic material.
FACTORES GENÉTICOS Y AMBIENTALES QUE AFECTAN
LOS PARÁMETROS ANDROLÓGICOS EN TOROS CEBÚ Y F1 EN UN HATO DE CRÍA
Salamanca, C.A. , Aguirre, ODO., Colmenares, GJC., Sarmiento, AYF., pag 336-337.
full pdf (download 529, size 530 KB)|
abstract
ESCONDER
In the present research information from a breeding herd was analyzed flooded savanna. The data corresponded to 111 bulls andrological records (98 Brahman and 13 Brahman by Holstein F1) born during the years 2006 to 2011. It was considered the scrotal circumference (SC) andrological variable, and seminal variables: ejaculate´s volume (EV), pH of the ejaculate (PH), gross motility (GM), sperm´s concentration (SPC) and abnormalities (AN). The bull´s racial group (RG) was taken into account as a genetic factor, while the age of the bull (AB) as an environmental factor. Data were analyzed by the procedures Generalized Linear Model (GLM) following the least squares methodology. The estimated average SC, EV, PH, SPC and GM was 33.34 (cm); 4.16 (ml); 7.92 (PH); 227861 (mill / ml) and 3.43 (0 to 5) for Brahman bulls. While, the estimate for F1 bulls mean was 32.52 (cm); 2.23 (ml); 7.15 (PH); 191726 (mill / ml) and 2.23 (0 to 5) respectively. The AB and RG had significant effects on the andrological parameters SC, EV and GM <.05) and had no effect on pH and SPC (p> 0.05). The ANs were affected by the AB <.05) and not by the RG (p> 0.05). The following study concluded that environmental factors, age of the bull, and genetic breed bull influenced SC, EV and GM in Brahman bulls and Holstein by Brahman F1; in addition, the AB should be considered as the main parameter to select bulls for their andrological values.
ESTUDIO ZOOMÉTRICO DEL OVINO DE PELO CRIOLLO
COLOMBIANO DE LA ZONA NORTE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL HUILA (COLOMBIA)
Ángel Botero, S.; Ramírez Capera, A., pag 338-340.
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ESCONDER
Characteristics for the selection of animals have not been established in sheep production in the Department of Huila (Colombia), this generates the tendency to acquire foreign animals, which are not adapted to the area and therefore cannot express their productive potential. The purpose of the study was to make a zoometric characterization of Colombian creole hair sheep (camura), for that, 398 adult females of Colombian creole hair sheep from farms in the north of department of Huila were evaluated. Five morphological measurements were determined, from which 2 zoometric indices were calculated: body, proportionality. The results indicate the morphological measures for adult females, which were: thoracic perimeter (82.7 ± 5.6 cm), abdominal perimeter (96.1 ± 8.4 cm), body length (66.6 cm ± 5.4), height at withers (66.3 ± 4.8 cm) and length of the spine (138.4 ± 11.1 cm). From the descriptive statistical analysis it was observed a range of variation between 6.8% and 8.7%, which reflects a high degree of homogeneity. Regarding zoometric indexes, the creole sheep were characterized as brevilineal (body index = 70 ± 5.8), elipometric volume, and a medium index of proportionality (100 ± 7.5). The results of these ratings confirm that this breed is suitable for meat production. This is to raise awareness of the benefits of this race to be exploited to the maximum; pretending to contribute to the generation of genetic selection strategies of the Colombian creole hair sheep, allowing the decrease of the pressure of foreign breeds.
Sanidad Animal(Animal Health)
DINÁMICA DE POBLACIÓN DE PARÁSITOS GASTROINTESTINALES
EN EL NÚCLEO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE PEQUEÑOS RUMIANTES. CENTRO DE PRODUCCIÓN E
INVESTIGACIÓN
Abril Forero Mary Yezzenia;
Martínez Bello, Daniel Adyro; Vargas Bayona Javier Enrique ; Castellanos Vilma;
Roberto Guerrero Avigdor., pag 273-275.
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The objective was to know the intestinal parasitic dynamics in the creole sheep and goats from the “Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria El Ciruelo de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia”. Fifty male and female goats and one hundred male and female mixed short haired sheep constitute the genetic nucleus of the research center. Thirteen sheep and seven goats were randomly selected and sampled every 14 days by 6 times, during the second semester of 2013. Samples consisted of feces, weight record, body condition, rectal temperature, Famacha© test and anti-coagulated blood samples from the jugular vein. The results showed high fecal amounts of Eimeria sp and nematodes. This study achieves a serial track to the ovine and goat nucleus from the research center, showing the infestation risk faced by those animals, associated to clinical measures of decreasing productive efficiency reflected in the zoo-technical parameters for each of the studied species.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS DO MANEJO DA ORDENHA
DE CAPRINOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SUMÉ, REGIÃO CARIRI PARAIBANO
Da Silva, Ana Mary; Alves, Admir Sendy Santos; Lima, Paulo Romário;
Soares Filho, Paulo Henrique, pag 276-278
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The goat has been highlighted in the semiarid region of Brazil for its importance in income generation, but is a recent activity, a reality of the early two thousand, with encouragement from the state government through the milk of Paraiba program. The municipality is located in the Sumé cariri Paraiba region, is part of the milk production chain and state government program where you buy milk from producers through the company's technical assistance and rural extension of Paraiba and are distributed in schools and share with needy families enrolled in the government program. All this incentive is a great challenge for this zoo technical exploration. Health management and hygiene practices during milking have implications often with lack of knowledge and to the producer of the basic rules of this management, thus justifying the problem with hygiene and milk quality training. The study was directed by a zootechnical prepared to evaluate these practices, interview with the producers on the property and follow procedures for cleaning the milking questionnaire.
CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL
Mallophaga EN GUAJOLOTES NATIVOS DEL ESTADO DE YUCATÁN
Canul S.M, Sierra V.A.1, Azcorra P. G, .Nava G.F.J, Amaya M.S.M., pag 279-281
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A of the main characteristics that are recognized the native turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), is its ability to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. The ectoparasites play an important role in population dynamics, genetic diversity and natural resistance of many species, its distribution is cosmopolitan type ie that are in all biogeographic regions where their hosts live. The sanitary state of the native turkeys is an important public health topic because they are raised primarily for the consumption of its meat and eggs. This study was performed Conkal Technological Institute, with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of ectoparasites of Meleagris gallopavo in the state of Yucatán. The collection of the parasites was performed in 2011 in four municipalities of the state of Yucatán, (Motul, Maní, Cepeda, Timucuy) preserving the samples in 70% alcohol, were identified for Yucatán three species Chelopistes meleagridis, Lipeurus caponis and Menacanthus stramineus.
CARACTERIZACIÓN ESTRUCTURAL Y SANITARIA DEL
SISTEMA DE EXPLOTACIÓN ECOLÓGICO DE VACUNO DE LECHE EN EUROPA
Blanco-Penedo, Isabel; Duval, Julie, Jonasson, Karin,
Hoischen-Taubner, Susanne, Selle, Margret, Van Soest, Felix, Sok,,
Jaap, Emanuelson, Ulf, Sundrum Albert, pag 282-284
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The following study is part of IMPRO, a 7th framework programme FP7 project of the European Union for the improvement of animal health in organic dairy farming. Keeping dairy cows healthy in an organic system is a challenge. Multiple factors affect animal health status. Bacteria and viruses are of course relevant in causality; but many other factors such as nutrition, pasture and housing as well as farmer skills and farmer motivation are also important. By applying a systemic approach, the IMPRO Project combines a number of methodological approaches for characterising factors that affect animal health at the farm level, in order to assess and implement appropriate measures to achieve in the long term aim an improved animal health status on organic farms in Europe. As a starting point, a benchmark activity on the heath status is therefore an integrated part of the project to evaluate the progress achieved through the activities of IMPRO. This information is necessary for cost-benefit calculations since the improvement of management practices regarding health status in organic dairy farming is encompassed with socioeconomic implications. The present survey provides a structural and health status characterization of 200 farms enrolled in IMPRO project. The indicators were collected at on-farm visits using a specifically designed protocol compiling the structural characteristics of organic dairy farms in a standardized way, making the comparison of health statuses, across a wide range of European production conditions, more comparable than anything hitherto performed. From the results, distinct differences between farms within and across countries were demonstrated. Farms generally differed in: herd size, average calving number, milk sold per cow and year, predominant breed and the presence of minor more rustic breeds. In the general herd daily management, results showed differences on the use of home grown concentrate, total time on pasture as well as manpower dedicated to dairy cows (adjusted by number of calving). Regarding animal health and welfare indicators, we observed differences on clinical and subclinical mastitis, lameness, and metabolic and reproductive disorders. Finally, our study also showed differences in the use of alternative treatments, such as homeopathy and phytoterapy versus allopathic treatments.
AGROECOEPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE TRIPANOSOMOSIS EN
GANADERÍA DOBLE PROPÓSITO EN EL SISTEMA DE RIEGO RÍO GUÁRICO,
VENEZUELA. ETAPA I
Tamasaukas, Rita; Silva, Alba; Florio-Luis, Jazmín ; Sánchez,
Josefina; Fernández, Magdalena; Rivera, Sergio; Cobo, Margarita, pag 285-288
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It was done an agropecoepidemiologic study of Trypanosoma vivax in dual purpose cattle systems located in Guarico state of the Central Plains of Venezuela. The prevalence of trypanosomosis determined by Woo technique was 0.87% and 2.68% for smear colored with Giemsa 10%, with no significant differences between groups (P < 0.01). The seroprevalence (Ab ELISA) was 54.67%, with significant differences between control and treated groups vs sentinel (P &Ilt;0.01). The density of incidence of trypanosomosis in risk groups 52 weeks was 1.70% of new cases per 100 animal-weeks-1-observation. Values of hematocrit ≤ 30% ≥25 establishing as those anemic animals with hematocrit at or below 30%. The ANOVA showed significant differences for treatments and periods, but not for treatment-time interaction. Hb values were ≤10 ≥ 8.01 and g / dL, establishing as those anemic animals with Hb at or below 10 g / dL. ANOVA showed significant differences between treatments and periods, but not for treatment-time interaction. The Ab-ELISA with species-specific purified extracts of T. vivax was efficient for the serological diagnosis of trypanosomosis . Results oriented towards stability enzootic bovine trypanosomosis by T. vivax, observed by the condition trypanotolerance, genetic character of strategic value for sustainable development of the cattle, demonstrated in one of the production units selected as a pilot farm.
CONTROL DE LA ASCOSFEROSIS (Ascosphaera apis)
MEDIANTE EL USO DE FONDOS HIGIÉNICOS DE REJILLA
Padilla Alvarez; Francisco ; Flores Serrano, José M. ; Campano
Cabanes, F., pag 289-291
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Chalkbrood is a factorial disease that affects the larvae developing of Apismellifera. Outbreaks occur preferen-tially in spring and autumn, and their appearance is associated with predisposing causes. Different types of causes are proposed, the most common are: cooling or brood stress, ratio worker bee⁄brood unbalanced, or lack in the pollen input. In a routine check in the early days of January 2014, we detected five hives with obvious symptoms of this disease. In four of them the normal hives bottom were replaced by other modified and provid-ed with grids (3 mm pore size). The 5 colonies were subjected to the same management as any apiary managed by a beekeeper. In May the state of the colonies provided with bottom grid was the follows: one hive (n 26) had no symptoms of disease, and its evolution was similar to other hives that not showed any symptoms. Another colony (n 213) swarmed and in brood frame we observed some mums, but despite the swarming the colony had a large population of bees. The other two colonies (nº 213 and 297) had a smaller population of bees, if we compared with the other colonies. We observed in this hives some white mums in the brood frames (between 5 and 20 mummies/frame), and on the grids white and some dark mumies. The colony without bottom grid had a high number of mummies (white and dark) on the bottom and on the brood frames. In conclusion we can accept that the bottom hive modified help to control the chalkbrood. We think that to improve its effectiveness is nec-essary apply other management measures such as removing brood very affected by this disease.
ALTERNATIVAS FITOTERAPÉUTICAS PARA EL CONTROL
DE PARÁSITOS DE ANIMALES DE PEQUEÑOS PRODUCTORES
Hernández Villegas, Manuel Mateo; Pérez Pérez, Claudia; Bolio López,
Gloria Ivette; De la Cruz Burelo, Patricia; Pérez del Villar, María
de los Ángeles; Hernández Bolio, Gloria Ivonne, pag 292-293
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The use of local resources for food and health care of animals is a highly profitable and sustainable strategy. Among these resources are native trees and shrubs which in addition to providing good quality nutrients, produce secondary metabolites with anthelmintic (AH) effect. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro AH effect of Gliricidia sepium leaves methanol extract (ME), through the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA). Three concentrations of the extracts were tested: 125, 250 and 500 μ g⁄ mL. Also a negative control (distilled water) and a positive control (levamisole 2 mg⁄mL) were included. The ME showed significant differences P<0.05 when compared with the positive control. The ME also showed a dose-dependent response in inhibition of eggs hatching. Effectiveness percentages found were: 27,7%, 46,2%, 49,7% of inhibition at 125, 250, and 500 μg⁄mL respectively. The average dose (ED50) obtained through probit analysis was 394.96 μg⁄mL. These results suggest that the ME of leaves of G. sepium has anthelmintic activity against eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes.
